This research line focuses on the role of values and contestation in the design, process and outcome of the governance of sustainability transformations. It analyses what is seen as “good” governance of transformations in terms of effectiveness, legitimacy, accountability, sovereignty, or justice - both in a normative sense and empirically across various contexts and stakeholders. Recently, this research line has also come to include analyses of the ‘dark side’ of sustainability transformations, as potential negative or unintended consequences – such as loss of cultural heritage, displacement of communities or the exacerbation of power imbalances – may arise from attempts at fostering transformative change. Recognizing and addressing the dark side of transformative change is essential for ensuring that sustainability transformations are truly beneficial and equitable.