The amino acid pattern and dynamics of body protein, body fat deposition in male and female broilers under different temperatures

Summary

The present study was conducted 1) to investigate the effects of gender and temperature on growth performance in broiler chickens and 2) to establish body protein and fat deposition curves and amino acid patterns for broilers of both genders at different ambient temperatures. A total of 432 1-day-old (d) Arbor Acres chickens with a male/female ratio of 1:1 were randomly divided into the following 4 treatment groups: the male thermoneutral group, the female thermoneutral group, the male heat stress group, and the female heat stress group. The chickens in the thermoneutral groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 42 d, while chickens in the heat stress groups were kept at a comfortable temperature from 1 to 28 d and at a high ambient temperature from d 29 to 42. The body composition retention data were obtained by comparative slaughter method, and the models were constructed by the Gompertz model. The results revealed significant variation in body protein content (BPC) and body fat deposition efficiency (BFE) between both genders and the 2 temperatures. Moreover, a noteworthy interaction between gender and temperature was observed in terms of the BPC and protein deposition efficiency (BPE). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the thermoneutral groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: BPW(t)=1843.6e^{−5.1366e−0.0388t}; Body protein weight of female broilers: BPW(t)=1293.8e^{−4.7438e−0.0417t}; Body fat weight of male broilers: BFW(t)=1702.7e^{−6.1452e−0.0336t}; Body fat weight of female broilers: BFW(t)=1031.4e^{−5.9759e−0.0416t}. Where t means age (d). The following equations for body protein and body fat deposition in the heat stress groups were obtained: Body protein weight of male broilers: BPW(t)=992.1e^{−4.9603e−0.0527t}; Body protein weight of female broilers: BPW(t)=881.2e^{−4.7077e−0.0517t}; Body fat weight of male broilers: BFW(t)=1183.2e^{−6.2350e−0.0403t}; Body fat weight of female broilers: BFW(t)=700.3e^{−6.1667e−0.0514t}. Where t means age (d). In addition, no significant difference in amino acid content was found between different genders and temperatures. The amino acid pattern could be divided into 2 stages: 0 to 14 d and 15 to 42 d. Our equations and patterns enable a deeper understanding of the nutritional requirements in broiler chickens under various temperature conditions. This enables researchers to develop more accurate feeding programs to fulfill the growth and health requirements of broiler chickens.